City	Name	Address	Year unveiled	Year renovated	Image	Description
Subotica	Memorial to the Victims in the Jewish Cemetery	2 Majevička Street	1948			The monument to the victims at the Jewish cemetery in Subotica was unveiled on September 5, 1948. The monument was erected by the Jewish Community Subotica. An alley leads to the memorial, located at the bottom plot of the cemetery. It is part of a memorial complex consisting of this monument, 10 individual graves and one common grave. It is made of artificial stone, marble from the island of Brač and black granite. The author of the monument and the entire memorial complex is the architect Lajos Deutsch (Lajčo Dajč; 1890-1982). The monument is a stele with obelisk-like proportions standing on a high platform. Its base is surrounded by four cubes forming the shape of a Greek cross. Between the cubes lying on the platform are four stone balls on which are engraved the years 1941 and 1945. The monument features Jewish motifs: Magen David, Ner Tamid and Torah Scroll. The front and the back side carry commemorative inscriptions. On the front side are dedications in Serbo-Croatian (on the lower part) and Hebrew (in the upper section of the monument) between which is Magen David. Dedication in Serbo-Croatian says: Eternal glory and gratitude to 4,000 Jews from Subotica who were dragged by the fascist beast in its fury and hellish horror and for the purpose of extermination - laid their dear lives on the altar of their faith and nationality and general progressive thinking'. The inscription in Hebrew reads: מי שמבקש עלבונה של ספר תורה הוא יבקש עלבון הנפשות של ארבעת אלפים בערך המובלות בעריצות פאשיסטית מעיר סובוטיצה ומקודשות כעולם כליל על מזבח דתם ולאומיותם - He who will have regard for the plight of the Torah will also have regard for the plight of some 4000 souls deported in fascist tyranny from the city of Subotica, martyrs who fell as a burnt offering on the altar of their religion and faith. The first part of the text in Hebrew is related to Rabbi Haninah Ben Teradion, who was one of the ten martyrs killed by the Romans for ignoring the prohibition of learning Torah (Avoda Zara 18a). On the back side also decorated with the Magen David is another, very moving, commemorative inscription in Serbo-Croatian that says: Man! Whenever your eye falls on this monument, the flame of anger should blaze in you, fill yourself with anger toward every man-monster, who dared as a fascist to call himself a man. The inscription is expressing the anger of survivors for the brutal murder of their people that must be remembered forever, as well as the anger and disgust over human nature that was able to commit such a crime. At the bottom of the monument there are inscriptions of identical content in Serbo-Croatian and Hebrew: 'for the memory of the victims of cruel fascism - לזכרון קרבנות הפאשיזם האכזרי; for your lives our freedom חייכם חרות שלנו '. Places of death of the Subotica Jews are inscribed on three cubes: '1-Sátoraljaújhely, East Front, Bor-Cservenka, Gunskirchen, Hidegség, 2-Theresienstadt, Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald, Auschwitz, Dachau, 3-Mauthausen, Strasshof, Bácsalmás, Budapest, Stutthof'. Commemoration ceremonies are held every year marking the anniversary of the deportation of the Subotica Jews on 16 June 1944. The cemetery represents an immovable cultural asset as a cultural monument (SK 1806).
Subotica	Memorial to Twenty Jewish Martyrs from the Bor Mine in the Jewish Cemetery	2 Majevička Street	1948			A common-grave and an individual grave, honoring twenty victims of the Bor mine camp, is part of the memorial complex, unveiled on September 5, 1948. The monuments were erected by the Jewish Community Subotica. An alley leads to the memorial complex located at the bottom plot of the cemetery (Sector 5). The memorial complex consists of these graves, ten individual graves, and the memorial to the victims. It is made of artificial stone, marble from the island of Brač and black granite. The author of these monuments and the entire memorial complex is the architect Lajos Deutsch (Lajčo Dajč; 1890-1982). On the horizontal part is a memorial plaque The memorial plaque to the victims from the Bor mine was erected in the Jewish cemetery in 1948 (see: http://groblje.josu.rs/sektor-5-red-31-robno-mesto-1/). The plaque is made of white stone bearing the inscription in Serbo-Croatian that commemorates 20 Jews from Subotica who died in Bor in September 1944. Below the word "קדושינו" - Our martyrs, stands the inscription in Serbo-Croatian that says: Heroic brave men and pioneers of the movement of 1941 who were tortured in the Yellow House and, exhausted, were taken by force to a strange country from where they never returned. Pollak Tiburcije, Steiner Nikola, Wilheim Ladislav, Lang Tiburcije, Grünberg Aleksandar, Pick Ladislav, Fischer Ladislav, Krisshaber Lajcho, Gussmann Ladislav, Winkler Naftali, Spitzer Ervin, Müller Djordje, Kaufmann Tiburcije, Hahn Mirko, Hahn Oskar, Balogh D. Franjo, Zahler Franjo Killed in Bor in September 1944: Gal Gabor, Orova Imre, Schlanger Egon. Adjacent to the plaque are two vertical stelae. They have an identical rectangular shape and size, made of marble with granite memorial plaques. On the one on the left-hand side stands the inscription in Hebrew and Serbo-Croatian that says: הקדוש [martyr] 20 Jewish martyrs of Bor 1944. The one on the right-hand side is an individual grave of Stevan Engler with the inscription in Hebrew and Serbo-Croatian that says: הקדוש [martyr] Engler Stevan 1921-1944. Bor. Commemoration ceremonies are held every year marking the anniversary of the deportation of the Subotica Jews on 16 June 1944. The cemetery represents an immovable cultural asset as a cultural monument (SK 1806).
Subotica	Individual monuments of Ten Hanged Members of the People's Liberation Movement in the Jewish Cemetery	2 Majevička Street	1948			Ten grave-monuments to the Jews who were executed as members of the National Liberation Movement, nine of them hanged on November 18, 1941, and one on August 14, 1941, are part of the memorial complex unveiled on September 5, 1948. The monuments were erected by the Jewish Community Subotica. An alley leads to the memorial complex located at the bottom plot of the cemetery (Sector 5). The memorial complex consists of these ten individual graves, memorial to the victims and a common grave. It is made of artificial stone, marble from the island of Brač and black granite. The author of these monuments and the entire memorial complex is the architect Lajos Deutsch (Lajčo Dajč; 1890-1982). In November 1941, on the decree of the Military Court, fifteen members of the resistance were sentenced to death by hanging. Out of the fifteen, ten were Jewish – Ottmár (Nikola) Meier, Dr. Adolf Singer, Miklós (Nikola) Meier (Mayer), Dr. Koloman Mayer, Ödön (Edmund) Kornstein, Miklós (Nikola) Schwalb, Laura (Lola) Wohl, Konstantin Lackenbach, Miklós (Nikola) Gerson, and Gellért Perl. Modest monuments have an identical design, made of marble in rectangular shape, with inscriptions on the granite plaques containing only the name, the date of birth and death and the word 'הקדוש' and 'הקדושה'- a martyr. The remains of one of the hanged, Ottmár Mayer, were buried in the mausoleum on the Square of Victims of Fascism in Subotica. The inscriptions read: 1. הקדוש [martyr] Mayer Nikola 07.10.1913-18.11.1941 2. הקדוש [martyr] Dr. Mayer Koloman 22.08.1911-18.11.1941 3. הקדוש [martyr] Kornstein Edmund 22.10.1910-18.11.1941 4. הקדוש Licht Josip 10.02.1920-14.08.1941 5. הקדוש [martyr] Schwalb Nikola 30.03.1905-18.11.1941 6. הקדושה [martyr] Wohl Lola 06.02.1914-18.11.1941 7. הקדוש [martyr] Lackenbach Konstantin 29.06.1923-18.11.1941 8. הקדוש [martyr] Geršon Nikola 03.10.1923-18.11.1941 9. הקדוש [martyr] Dr. Singer Adolf 15.02.1897-18.11.1941 10. הקדוש [martyr] Perl Gelert 24.08.1919-18.11.1941. Commemoration ceremonies are held every year marking the anniversary of the deportation of the Subotica Jews on 16 June 1944. The cemetery represents an immovable cultural asset as a cultural monument (SK 1806).
Subotica	Memorial to the Victims in the yard of the Synagogue	6 Jakaba and Komora Square	1994			The monument commemorating victims of the Holocaust was unveiled on 10 July 1994 in the synagogue yard. Its erection was initiated by the Municipality of Subotica. The monument is an upright stele made of brick and white stone, placed on a short, stepped platform made of brick. The monument is in a center of a hexagonal plateau to which two paths are leading, one from the synagogue and the other one from the entrance to the synagogue yard. The Magen David is engraved on the monument, and the inscriptions in Serbian, Croatian, Hungarian, English and Hebrew of the same content that reads: 'In memory of 4000 Jewish citizens with whom we lived and built Subotica. They perished in the fascist death camps during the World War II. Citizens of Subotica, July 10, 1994.' Commemoration ceremonies have been annually held by this monument, remembering the anniversary of the deportation of the Subotica Jews (June 16). The synagogue in Subotica is registered as a cultural monument (SK 1035).
Subotica	Memorial to the Jewish Victims by the Former Ghetto	Corner of Streets Pala Papa and Rade Končara	1994			The monument commemorating the deportation of the Subotica Jews was unveiled in June 1994 on the site of the ghetto established in 1944. It was initiated by the Municipality of Subotica. The monument is an upright stele made of grey stone, placed on a short, stepped platform. The monument features on the top the Magen David, below which are engraved commemorative inscriptions in Serbian, Croatian, Hungarian, English and Hebrew, with an identical content: 'This place was the Jewish ghetto, from which 4,000 Jewish fellow citizens were deported by fascists. Citizens of Subotica June 16, 1994'. Commemoration ceremonies have been annually held by this monument, remembering the anniversary of the deportation of the Subotica Jews (June 16). On that day, the Jews of Subotica were taken from the ghetto to larger ghettos in southern Hungary, and from there to concentration camps, mainly to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Subotica	Memorial to the Victims of Fascism	Victims of Fascism Square	1952			The Monument to the Fallen Fighters and Victims of Fascist Terror, 1941-1945 was unveiled in 1952 on the Square of Victims of Fascism. The memorial is created by sculptor Toma Rosandić (1878-1958) and his assistants. The monument is also a mausoleum where the remains of victims of fascist terror or those killed during the resistance were laid. It functioned as the mausoleum since November 1946, when, remains of the members of the resistance movement, killed or killed in the battle are buried. Among them are the remains of Ottmár Mayer (1911-1941), partisan and secretary of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia of Jewish descent. The memorial is also a crypt. It has the shape of a wall standing on a stepped plateau. The front side of the wall features a horizontal relief which depicts a struggle between good and evil. The structure is topped with a figurative composition featuring a woman who raises a wreath above a fallen soldier, expressing her respect and piety. On the back side of the structure is the entrance to the crypt where the fifteen fallen revolutionaries were buried. There is also a commemorative inscription in Serbo-Croatian that says: Prominent fighters and front-line fighters of Subotica, members of the Union of Communist Youth and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia who were killed, shot, hanged or died in the fight for the freedom of this region rest in this memorial ossuary. The memorial ossuary is erected by the eternally grateful citizens of Subotica. 12. IX. in 1969. Annual commemorations are held by the monument on the day of the liberation of Subotica in World War II, June 10. I would like to thank Mr. Ivan Janković for the photographs.
Subotica	Memorial 'Balad to the Hanged'	1 Senćanski Road	1967			The monument entitled "The Ballad of the Hanged" by sculptor Nandor Glid (1924-1997) was unveiled on 18 November 1967. It is located on the site where during World War II stood army barracks, in front of which on November 18, 1941, fifteen revolutionaries from Subotica were hanged. The memorial commemorates them: Dr Adolf Singer, Antun Suturović, Šime Tikvicki, Gellért Perl, István Lukács, Kálmán Meier, Ödön Kornstein, Konstantin Lackenbach, Laura Wohl, Lazar Bačić, Miklós Gerson, Miklós Meier, Miklós Schwalb, Ottmár Mayer, and Rókus Simokovich. The bronze sculpture, dimensions 380 x 84 x 94 cm, features elongated bodies in a triangular composition with accentuated vertical lines and two curved falling figures. The form is associative of fifteen lifeless bodies. The pronounced vertical line and a gentle arch on top emphasize the associative meanings of the monument – it represents gallows with dead bodies. On the bronze plaque by the sculpture are engraved the commemorative inscriptions in Serbo-Croatian and Hungarian that read: Na ovom mestu su 18. novembra 1941. godine rukom fašističkog okupatora obešeni članovi Komunističke partije i Saveza komunističke omladine Jugoslavije (In this place, on November 18, 1941, members of the Communist Party and the Yugoslav Communist Youth League were hanged by the hands of the fascist occupier). A fasiszta megszállók ezen a helyen végeztek ki 1941 november 18-án a jugoszláv kommunista párt és a jugoszláv kommunista ifjúsagi szövetség tagjait. Subotica polgárai (On November 18, 1941, the fascist invaders executed the members of the Yugoslav Communist Party and the Yugoslav Communist Youth League in this place. Citizens of Subotica). Below these inscriptions are engraved the names of the hanged: Bačić Lazar, Gerson Miklós, Kornstein Ödön, Lackenbach Konstantin, Lukács István, Meier dr Kalman, Meier Miklós, Mayer Otmar, Perl Gellért, Singer dr Adolf, Suturović Antun, Simokovics Rókus, Schwalb Miklós, Tikvicki Šime, Wohl Lola. Below is inscribed in Serbo-Croatian and Hungarian with identical content: I u grču svirepe smrti odole svest smelih. A kegyetlen halál görcsének is ellenáll a bártak öntudata. (Even in the spasm of ferocious death, the consciousness of the brave resisted). 18. novembar 1967 Građani Subotice (November 18, 1967 Citizens of Subotica). This work was intimately very important for the sculptor, Nandor Glid, due to the fact that among the hanged were his friends, members of the Zionist organization Thelet Lavan. The title of the work is inspired by the French poet François Villon’s 'Ballad of the Hanged Men'. The erection of the monument was initiated by the Union of Associations of Veterans of People's Liberation War. Commemoration ceremonies have been held on this site on the anniversary of this event, November 18.
Subotica	Memorial plaques on the so-called Yellow House	11 Štrosmajerova Street	1967			The "Yellow House" was built in 1883. It has been declared a cultural monument of great importance (SK 1226). Throughout history, it has changed its purpose. Until the Second World War, it housed a savings bank ('Eskont' bank). From September 19, 1941, it housed the department of the Hungarian occupation counter-intelligence service (Kémelháritó). During the period of the Hungarian occupation, investigations were conducted in this building, and it also served as a notorious prison and torture chamber. About five hundred people went through torture in the Yellow House. After the Nazi Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944, the Gestapo had here its headquarters. The building also served as a temporary prison until the end of World War II. After the war, the State Security of Yugoslavia moved into the building. Later, it housed various institutions and today is a college for teachers in the Hungarian language. Two commemorative plaques by sculptor Ana Bešlić (1912-2008) were unveiled on July 4, 1967. The initiative for this came from the Municipal Committee of the League of the Subotica Fighters. The memorial plaques commemorate victims tortured and murdered in the Yellow House. The inscription on the commemorative bronze plaque mounted on the facade to the right of the entrance in Serbo-Croatian and Hungarian says: 'The Yellow House, a witness of your recollections, part of your consciousness 1941-1944'. In the interior of the building there is another bronze plaque with the inscription in the Serbo-Croatian and Hungarian languages that says: In this building, the fascist occupier tried from 1941 to 1944 to suppress the resistance and revolutionary action of the People's Liberation Movement of this region, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, by brutal force and killing. Cruelly abused and tortured, shot and hanged, the prisoners of the Yellow House with their blood and lives, set a shining example of self-sacrifice and made a conscious sacrifice for our socialist society. As a sign of recognition and memory, the citizens of Subotica set this plaque. 4 July 1967. During the Yugoslav period, July 4th (Fighter's Day) was commemorated by these plaques. There have been no commemorations in recent decades, yet, in 2021 the eightieth anniversary of the "activation" of the infamous Yellow House was marked.
Subotica	Individual grave in the Jewish Cemetery: Glid Family	2 Majevička Street				There around three hundred individual monuments in the Jewish cemetery that commemorate victims of the Holocaust. One such example is the tombstone of the Glied family (in Serbo-Croatian: Glid): Sector 5, row 16, grave site 16, made of black granite in the form of an obelisk, in which Julia Glied was buried (the inscription in Hungarian reads: Itt nyugszik Glied Náthánné, Berger Julia 18 -1935, Nyugodjon békében! - The wife of Náthán Glied rests here, Berger Julia 18 -1935, Rest in peace!), On the back side of the monument is a dedication in Hebrew: פ"נ האשה הנכבדה והצנועה מ' יכט ע"ש [עליה השלום] אשת החבר ר' מנחם גליד ע"ש [עליו השלום] נפטרה בשם טוב בת פו שנה 'ש"ק וירא כ' חשבן תרצו ק ונקברה ביום א' בכבוד ובהספד תנצבה (Here rests, Honorable and modest woman, Mrs. Yachet, peace be with her, wife of a community member, Rabbi Menachem Glid, peace be upon him, died in a good name, aged 86, on the night of Shabbat Hakdusha Parshah Va’era, 20 Heshvan 5696, and was buried on Sunday with respect and praise, May her memory be a blessing). After the war, the name "Auschwitz" was added under this dedication and underneath the names of Ármin and his wife Emma Glied (Glied Ármin 1890-1944, neje Heuduska Emma 1898-1944 - Ármin Glied 1890-1944, his wife Emma Heuduska 1898-1944). Ármin and Emma were murdered in Auschwitz in 1944. Ármin was a shochet and owned of a colonial store. Ármin and Emma Glied were parents of artist Nandor Glid (Glied Nándor; 1924-1997). During the war, Nandor Glid was taken to forced labor in Szeged. In September 1944, he joined a group of Jews who took over the City Hall in Szeged. After the liberation of Szeged, he joined the Eighth Vojvodina Brigade. He was captured near Bijelo brdo, Croatia, by the Prince Eugen Division. He was released as part of the soldiers' exchange in January 1945. He continued to fight and was wounded in a combat in the village of Bolman, Croatia. After the war, Glid studied sculpture at the School of Applied Arts in Belgrade. He became a renowned sculptor and executed many public memorials. In his oeuvre, he dealt with the topics of the Holocaust and human suffering. He had several creative cycles, the most important being: The Cave, The Death Cart, The Death Camps, and Phoenix. His best-known works are the Memorial to the Yugoslav Victims in Mauthausen, 1958 and the Memorial to the Victims in Dachau, 1968 (a smaller replica of this monument was made for Yad Vashem in 1979). His last creative phase is called the Menorah Cycle. Two open space works from his cycle are "The Menorah in Flames" (1990) in Belgrade and "The Menorah in Flames 2" (1997) in Thessaloniki, completed after the artist's death by his son Gabriel Glid, also a sculptor. For his hometown of Subotica, Nandor Glid made two monuments: "The Ballad of the Hanged" (1967, 1 Senćanski Road) and "Freedom, Firefly or Phoenix" (1980, for the elementary school 'Osma vojvođanska udarna brigade', 93-95 Majsanski Road).
Subotica	Individual grave in the Jewish Cemetery: Fenyves Family	2 Majevička Street				Hundreds of individual Holocaust memorials exist at the Jewish cemetery. One such memorial is the Fenyves family grave (Sector 2, line 4, burial site 9). The grave is the final resting place of Dr. Fenyves Ferenc (1885-1935) who passed away before World War II. The inscription in Hungarian reads: Dr Fenyves Ferenc 1885-1935. On the backside is the inscription in Hebrew that reads: מו"ה פסח בן הה"ר יצחק הלוי ע"ה (Out teacher the Rabbi Pesach son of Rabbi Itzhak Halevi, rest in peace). I am not sure what is the relation to Ferenc Fenyves. After the war, the names of the victims of the Fenyves family were added onto the grave. Below the epitaph to Ferenc Fenyves is inscribed in Hungarian: hitvese Baruch Erzsébet 1894-1944. Auschwitz. Fenyves Pál 1921-1944. Kolomea. (his spouse Erzsébet Baruch 1894-1944. Auschwitz. Pál Fenyves 1921-1944. Kolomyia.) Below is written in Hebrew and Hungarian: פ"נ [Here rests] Fenyves Lajos 1890-1945. hitvese Gereb Klára 1897-1944. Auschwitz. (Lajos Fenyves 1890-1945. his spouse Klára Gereb 1897-1944. Auschwitz.) The Fenyves (originally Friedmann) brothers - Lajos and Ferenc were influential journalists in Subotica. Ferenc Fenyves was the editor of Bácsmegyei Napló, the largest Hungarian language daily in circulation in Vojvodina, from 1908 until his death in 1935 (with short breaks), while Lajos Fenyves served as its manager from 1918 on. The brothers became the sole owners of the newspaper in 1913. Two years later, the Fenyves’ established the Minerva Printing House, which published a wide variety of literary works, especially by contemporary Hungarian-speaking Yugoslav writers. Lajos's wife, Klára Geréb was an academic artist active in the area of graphic and applied arts. She produced dozens of portraits and landscapes of famous European landmarks, but her artistic talent really showed in her work as an illustrator. The Fenyves family, with the rest of the Subotica Jews, was taken to a ghetto in the spring of 1944, from where they were deported to concentration camps. Erzsébet Baruch and Klára Geréb perished in Auschwitz, while Lajos Fenyves survived Auschwitz but died shortly after the end of the war and was buried in this grave. Klára and Lajos' children Esther and István (now Steven Fenves) survived the war. Pál Fenyves, the son of Ferenc and Erzsébet, died in a forced labor camp in Kolomyia.